H5N1 Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza: In response to the continuing threat of introduction of H5N1 Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza (HPAI) to North America and American-associated states and territories in the Pacific, the U

Research progress on white-nose syndrome of bats (MA, NY, VT, NH, CT, NJ, PA, WV, VA) Scientists continue to investigate the causes of bat white-nose syndrome (WNS), an emerging disease associated with the loss of an estimated half million insectivorous bats of 5 species in the eastern United States. Little brown bats and eastern pipistrelles have been particularly hard hit with as many as 90-100% of the local population wiped out at some winter hibernacula. Partnerships among state, Federal, academic, and non-profit organizations have formed to investigate the disease, its effects on bat populations, and management options. A rapid and specific test for detection of the WNS-associated fungus is under development. Data from an infection trial demonstrated that G. destructans is transmitted bat-to-bat and further experimentation is underway to determine whether the fungus is the sole causative agent of WNS. In addition, an environmental survey of caves was conducted to characterize the distribution of G. destructans in the eastern U.S. This study indicated that the fungus was present in cave sediments collected from hibernation sites within the WNS-infected region of the United States, indicating that the environment may play a role in the WNS transmission cycle. Other studies in which NWHC scientists are involved include summer bat surveys for evidence of latent infections, and evaluation of possible treatment or control options. Future WNS research directions include: determining the origin of G. destructans; predicting the potential for future WNS spread; investigating G. destructans pathogenesis mechanisms; developing strategies for WNS control and mitigation; and identifying bat survival strategies (e.g., are there resistant bats?). Contacts: David Blehert, National Wildlife Health Center, 608-270-2466, [email protected]; Anne Ballmann, 608-270-2445, [email protected]